{"id":5735,"date":"2022-07-04T05:00:49","date_gmt":"2022-07-04T09:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/planetwordmuseum.org\/?p=5735"},"modified":"2024-01-29T17:31:45","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T22:31:45","slug":"celebrating-alice-in-wonderland-with-neologisms-and-whimsy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/planetwordmuseum.org\/celebrating-alice-in-wonderland-with-neologisms-and-whimsy\/","title":{"rendered":"Celebrating Alice in Wonderland with Neologisms and Whimsy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cO frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!\u201d There\u2019s more than one reason to celebrate today! While everyone is getting ready to watch fireworks for Independence Day, we\u2019re also celebrating one of our favorite childhood classics: Alice in Wonderland<\/em>. July 4 is the anniversary of the day that Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (better known by his pseudonym Lewis Carroll) supposedly first told the story of Alice\u2019s Adventures in Wonderland<\/em> to Alice Liddell in 1862.<\/p>\n

Carroll\u2019s whimsical stories in Wonderland invite us into a world full of unexpected turns and inventive turns of phrase, where everything is what it is and nothing is what it seems, so what better way is there to celebrate than with neologisms<\/a>, or new words, coined by the author himself!<\/p>\n

1. Jabberwocky<\/h2>\n
\"\"

John Tenniel\u2019s illustration of the fearsome Jabberwock from the 1872 edition<\/p><\/div>\n

Perhaps one of Lewis Carroll\u2019s most inventive texts is his iconic nonsense poem \u201cJabberwocky,\u201d which is included in his 1872 novel Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There<\/em>. The poem tells of a fearsome creature called the Jabberwock and is largely composed of nonce words<\/a>, or words \u201ccoined and used apparently to suit one particular occasion.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2019Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
\nDid gyre and gimble in the wabe:
\nAll mimsy were the borogoves,
\nAnd the mome raths outgrabe.<\/p>\n

\u201cBeware the Jabberwock, my son!
\nThe jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
\nBeware the Jubjub bird, and shun
\nThe frumious Bandersnatch!\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2014 Lewis Carroll, \u201cJabberwocky\u201d
\n(Read the full poem at poetryfoundation.org<\/a>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Where does \u201cJabberwocky\u201d come from? According to Carroll: \u201cThe Anglo-Saxon word \u2018wocer\u2019 or \u2018wocor\u2019 signifies \u2018offspring\u2019 or \u2018fruit\u2019. Taking \u2018jabber\u2019 in its ordinary acceptation of \u2018excited and voluble discussion\u2019, this would give the meaning of \u2018the result of much excited and voluble discussion\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n

In the years following the poem\u2019s publication, the word \u201cjabberwocky\u201d became so synonymous with nonsense that by 1908 it was being used as a generic term meaning \u201cmeaningless speech or writing.\u201d<\/p>\n

2. Portmanteau<\/h2>\n

(Or, to be more accurate, \u201cportmanteau word.\u201d)<\/p>\n

The word \u201cportmanteau\u201d originally referred to a type of large suitcase or \u201ctraveling bag\u201d composed of two parts, and its use in this sense dates back to the 16th century. Before then, it referred to a court official who carried a prince\u2019s mantle so it wouldn\u2019t drag (from Middle French \u201cportmanteau\u201d (porter<\/em> \u201cto carry\u201d + manteau<\/em> \u201ccloak\u201d)).<\/p>\n

Lewis Carroll created the term \u201cportmanteau word\u201d to describe many of the words he had made up for \u201cJabberwocky\u201d \u2014 Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice that they are \u201ctwo meanings packed up into one word.\u201d In linguistics, these words are also known by their technical term \u201cblend,\u201d and some examples are \u201csmog,\u201d \u201cbrunch,\u201d \u201changry,\u201d and \u201cbromance.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Alice

\u201cWell, \u2018slithy\u2019 means \u2018lithe and slimy.\u2019 \u2018Lithe\u2019 is the same as \u2018active.\u2019 You see it\u2019s like a portmanteau \u2014 there are two meanings packed up into one word.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

3. Galumph<\/h2>\n
\n
He left it dead, and with its head<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0He went galumphing back.<\/div>\n
\u2014 Lewis Carroll, \u201cJabberwocky\u201d<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

When you think of the word \u201cgalumph,\u201d you might picture elephants with their heavy steps or other animals that move or run about in a rather ungainly fashion, not someone prancing around with pride. And yet, as the hero of the poem \u201cJabberwocky\u201d returns home with his prize, Carroll describes him using \u201cgalumphing\u201d as a blend of \u201cgalloping\u201d and \u201ctriumph.\u201d Following Carroll\u2019s coining of the word, it found some popularity among other 19th century authors, and it has since shifted in meaning to what we know today.<\/p>\n

4. Chortle<\/h2>\n
\n
\u201cO frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!\u201d<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0He chortled in his joy.<\/div>\n
\u2014 Lewis Carroll, \u201cJabberwocky\u201d<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Lewis Carroll first used the word \u201cchortle\u201d in the poem \u201cJabberwocky,\u201d likely as a portmanteau of \u201cchuckle\u201d and \u201csnort,\u201d to describe the joyous manner in which the father of the poem\u2019s protagonist celebrates his triumphant return. Like with \u201cgalumph,\u201d its meaning has shifted over the years. As a result, today you\u2019re more likely to hear the word in humorous contexts, meaning \u201cto laugh or chuckle especially when amused or pleased.\u201d<\/p>\n

5. Frabjous<\/h2>\n

Likely a portmanteau of \u201cfabulous\u201d and \u201cjoyous,\u201d \u201cfrabjous\u201d is a wonderful word combining the best meanings of both. Unlike the majority of the other words on this list, \u201cfrabjous\u201d never made it into the mainstream. However, its mystique and the popularity of Alice in Wonderland<\/em> has ensured its survival over the past century. According to Merriam-Webster<\/a>, \u201cfrabjous\u201d is in the top 18% of most looked-up words in the dictionary!<\/p>\n

What are your favorite portmanteaus? What new words can you come up with? Let us know on social media by tagging us at @PlanetWordDC.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

Learn more about where we get new words, like portmanteaus and other neologisms, in our Where Do Words Come From? gallery<\/a> on our third floor.<\/p>\n

Want more Alice? Watch Alice\u2019s Adventures in Wonderland <\/em>come to life in the magical Schwarzman Family Library on our second floor.<\/p>\n

Alice\u2019s Adventures in Wonderland<\/em> is also available to purchase at our Bookshop.org<\/a> storefront. Planet Word is an affiliate of Bookshop.org and will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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